See Echo on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": "en",
"3": "echo"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English echo",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English echo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "echo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ECHO",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
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"2": "noun"
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"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ICAO spelling alphabet",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "ITU & IMO phonetic alphabet",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "72 15 12",
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"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "70 13 17",
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{
"_dis": "74 17 9",
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"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
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{
"_dis": "78 14 7",
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{
"_dis": "76 10 14",
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{
"_dis": "49 46 4 1",
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],
"glosses": [
"NATO, ICAO, ITU & IMO radiotelephony clear code (spelling-alphabet name) for the letter E."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-Echo-mul-noun-aA02e-yz",
"links": [
[
"NATO",
"w:NATO"
],
[
"ICAO",
"w:International Civil Aviation Organization"
],
[
"ITU",
"w:International Telecommunication Union"
],
[
"IMO",
"w:International Maritime Organization"
],
[
"radiotelephony clear code",
"w:NATO phonetic alphabet"
],
[
"E",
"E#Translingual"
]
],
"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) NATO, ICAO, ITU & IMO radiotelephony clear code (spelling-alphabet name) for the letter E."
],
"tags": [
"error-lua-exec"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "mul:Nautical",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Signal flag for the letter E."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-Echo-mul-noun-0SLlOhpS",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) Signal flag for the letter E."
],
"tags": [
"error-lua-exec"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"UTC+05:00"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-Echo-mul-noun-8YU0fCWV",
"links": [
[
"UTC",
"UTC"
]
],
"qualifier": "time zone",
"raw_glosses": [
"(time zone) UTC+05:00"
],
"tags": [
"error-lua-exec"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɛko]"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "47 53 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "Eko",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"word": "Еко"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"word": "Emil"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"word": "Emma"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"word": "Eemeli"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Echo"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"tags": [
"Germany"
],
"word": "Emil"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"word": "Empoli"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"word": "Évora"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53 0",
"alt": "Cyrillic \"Е\", Latin \"E\"",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Jeléna",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Еле́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"note": "Latin \"E\"",
"raw_tags": [
"of English \"echo\""
],
"roman": "éko",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"transliteration"
],
"word": "э́ко"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "éxo",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "э́хо"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Eduárd",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Эдуа́рд"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Emílija",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Эми́лия"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53 0",
"alt": "Cyrillic \"Э\"",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Émma",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Э́мма"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 53 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"word": "Erik"
}
],
"word": "Echo"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Ἠχώ",
"4": "",
"5": "a nymph in Greek mythology"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Ἠχώ (Ēkhṓ, “a nymph in Greek mythology”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek Ἠχώ (Ēkhṓ, “a nymph in Greek mythology”).",
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{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
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"nogendercat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Echo f",
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}
],
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"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Taxonomic names (genus)",
"orig": "mul:Taxonomic names (genus)",
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},
{
"_dis": "49 46 4 1",
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"parents": [],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A taxonomic genus within the family Calopterygidae – certain damselflies."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"english": "superkingdom",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "superkingdom",
"word": "Eukaryota"
},
{
"english": "kingdom",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "kingdom",
"word": "Animalia"
},
{
"english": "subkingdom",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "subkingdom",
"word": "Bilateria"
},
{
"english": "infrakingdom",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "infrakingdom",
"word": "Protostomia"
},
{
"english": "superphylum",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "superphylum",
"word": "Ecdysozoa"
},
{
"english": "phylum",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "phylum",
"word": "Arthropoda"
},
{
"english": "subphylum",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "subphylum",
"word": "Hexapoda"
},
{
"english": "family",
"sense": "subfamily",
"tags": [
"class"
],
"translation": "family",
"word": "Insecta"
},
{
"english": "subclass",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "subclass",
"word": "Pterygota"
},
{
"english": "infraclass",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "infraclass",
"word": "Palaeoptera"
},
{
"english": "order",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "order",
"word": "Odonata"
},
{
"english": "suborder",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "suborder",
"word": "Zygoptera"
},
{
"english": "superfamily",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "superfamily",
"word": "Calopterygoidea"
},
{
"english": "family",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "family",
"word": "Calopterygidae"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Echo margarita"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Echo maxima"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Echo modesta"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Echo perornata"
},
{
"english": "species",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "species",
"word": "Echo uniformis"
}
],
"id": "en-Echo-mul-name-I61cfHUZ",
"links": [
[
"genus",
"genus#English"
],
[
"family",
"family#English"
],
[
"Calopterygidae",
"Calopterygidae#Translingual"
],
[
"damselflies",
"damselfly"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "Echo"
}
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{
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"4": "",
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek Ἠχώ (Ēkhṓ, “sound”).",
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{
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"lang_code": "en",
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],
"glosses": [
"An oread, punished by Hera by losing her own voice and only being able to mimic that of others."
],
"id": "en-Echo-en-name-ldEd2A5l",
"links": [
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"Greek",
"Greek"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"oread",
"oread"
],
[
"Hera",
"Hera"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Greek mythology) An oread, punished by Hera by losing her own voice and only being able to mimic that of others."
],
"tags": [
"Greek"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "51 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "mythology",
"word": "Echo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Écho"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Echo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "Ichó",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ηχώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "Ēkhṓ",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ἠχώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3",
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"lang_code": "kl",
"sense": "mythology",
"word": "Echo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3",
"code": "iu",
"lang": "Inuktitut",
"lang_code": "iu",
"roman": "iiko",
"sense": "mythology",
"word": "ᐄᑯ"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Eco"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "Ēkō",
"sense": "mythology",
"word": "エーコー"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "Eko",
"sense": "mythology",
"word": "에코"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Echo"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Eco"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Exó",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Эхо́"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Éxo",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Э́хо"
},
{
"_dis1": "51 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "Éxo",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Е́хо"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in Alabama, USA",
"orig": "en:Places in Alabama, USA",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
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"name": "Places in the United States",
"orig": "en:Places in the United States",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
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},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Unincorporated communities in Alabama, USA",
"orig": "en:Unincorporated communities in Alabama, USA",
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{
"_dis": "2 10 10 11 10 10 10 9 9 9 9 1 2 1 1",
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"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
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{
"_dis": "3 12 12 13 11 9 10 6 6 6 6 1 4 0 0",
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{
"_dis": "2 14 14 15 15 11 13 4 4 4 4 1",
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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{
"_dis": "3 10 10 12 10 9 10 8 8 9 8 2",
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"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "2 14 13 14 14 8 11 6 6 6 6 1",
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"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "3 12 12 13 11 11 11 7 7 7 7 1",
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"name": "Terms with French translations",
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{
"_dis": "2 11 11 12 11 10 10 7 7 7 7 1",
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"name": "Terms with Greenlandic translations",
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{
"_dis": "3 12 12 14 12 11 11 6 6 6 6 1",
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"name": "Terms with Inuktitut translations",
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{
"_dis": "3 12 12 13 12 10 11 6 6 6 6 1",
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{
"_dis": "2 11 11 12 11 10 10 7 7 7 7 1",
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"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
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{
"_dis": "3 11 11 13 11 10 10 7 7 7 7 3",
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"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 12 14 10 10 10 7 7 7 7 1",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "2 11 11 12 11 10 10 7 7 7 7 1",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 13 14 15 11 13 4 4 4 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Asteroids",
"orig": "en:Asteroids",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A number of places in the United States:",
"An unincorporated community in Dale County, Alabama."
],
"id": "en-Echo-en-name-GguJTcFn",
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"unincorporated community",
"unincorporated community"
],
[
"Dale County",
"Dale County#English"
],
[
"Alabama",
"Alabama#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Places in Kentucky, USA",
"orig": "en:Places in Kentucky, USA",
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],
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},
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"orig": "en:Places in the United States",
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},
{
"kind": "place",
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"orig": "en:Unincorporated communities in Kentucky, USA",
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"Unincorporated communities",
"Places"
],
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "3 12 12 13 11 8 10 6 6 6 6 1 4 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
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107
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197
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],
"ref": "2021 July 20, Jack Healy, Sophie Kasakove, “A Drought So Dire That a Utah Town Pulled the Plug on Growth”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, archived from the original on 31 Jul 2021:",
"text": "Experts say the smallest towns are especially vulnerable. And few places in Utah are as tiny or dry as Echo, a jumble of homes squeezed between a freight railroad and stunning red-rock cliffs. Echo was already struggling to hang on after the two cafes closed down. Then its spring-fed water supply hit critical lows this summer.",
"type": "quotation"
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],
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"A number of places in the United States:",
"A census-designated place in Summit County, Utah, named after Echo Canyon."
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[
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{
"kind": "place",
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"name": "Unincorporated communities in West Virginia, USA",
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"Unincorporated communities",
"Places"
],
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}
],
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"A number of places in the United States:",
"An unincorporated community in Wayne County, West Virginia."
],
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[
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],
[
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"60 Echo, a main belt asteroid."
],
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[
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"astronomy"
],
[
"asteroid",
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],
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"(astronomy) 60 Echo, a main belt asteroid."
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{
"_dis1": "4 3 3 7 3 3 3 3 3 6 3 63",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "Sīyīnxīng",
"sense": "Asteroid",
"word": "司音星"
}
]
}
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{
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "Homo simplex et rectus. Oder, der alte redliche Teutsche Michel. Das ist: Sittliche, aus Göttlicher Heil. Schrifft, mit anmuthigen Historien, schönen Gleichnussen, nutzlichen Moralien, und Sprüchen der H.H. Vättern verfaßte Fest- und Feyertägliche Predigen. … Erster Theil. Collected by P. Mauritius Natthenhusa, Augsburg (Augspurg), 1718, p.187",
"text": "„Dieser hohe Cederbaum hat sich auf disen Streich also tieff gebogen und gedemüthiget, daß er aus seinem zerknirschten Hertzen einen lieblichen Echonem oder Widerhall gegeben, Domine, quid me vis facere.“",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
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{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "Iconismus. Das ist: Lob- und Ehren-Predigen, Von den Lieben Heiligen GOTTES, und Ordens-Stifftern … By Franciscus Caccia, Wien (Wienn in Oesterreich), 1710, p.366",
"text": "„Endlich dann zum Beschluß ist jedermäniglich bekant, daß welcher von dem andern weit entlegen, daß er nicht gehört werde, es sey denn, daß er starck ruffe, und schreye, und dadurch wird ein Echo gehöret. Mein Xaveri! allermassen Du weit von uns entlegen, müssen wir dir auch lauth zuruffen, und wir werden auch einen Echonem hören.“",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Deßgleichen sahen wir auch den Orth, allwo der Sicialianische Tyrann Dionysius einen künstlichen Echonem in einer Höhle hat machen lassen, durch welchen er seiner darinnen eingesperrten Sklaven Gespräch von aussen, ohne daß sie ihn gesehen, hat hören können, welcher Echo mir weit besser, als der zu Granada gefallen hat.",
"text": "Der nach Venedig überbrachte Mohr, Oder: Curiose und warhaffte Erzehlung und Beschreibung aller Curiositäten und Denckwürdigkeiten, Welche dem Wohl-Erwürdigen P. Dionysio Carli von Placenz, Capuciner-Ordens Prediger, und berühmten Missionario Apostolico, In seiner etlich-jährigen Mission In allen Vier Welt-Theilen, Africa, America, Asia, und Europa, unter tausendfältigen Leib- und Lebens-Gefahren, in Bekehrung der unglaubigen und barbarischen in specie AEthipischen Völcker aufgestossen; Worbey zugleich dieser letzteren Barbairsche Sitten und unmenschliche Grausamkeiten, Nicht weniger die dem Authori in allen vier Welt-Theilen vorgekommene Länder, Königreiche, Inseln, Provintzen und Städte, mit ihren Situationen und Seltzamkeiten, verwunderns-würdig beschrieben, und der curiosen Welt mitgetheilet werden. Erstlich von dem Authore in Welscher Sprach beschrieben, Anjetzo aber dem Geist- und Weltl. Teutschen Leser zu einem nutzlichen Zeit-Vertreib in die Hoch-Teutsche Sprache übersetzet. Augsburg (Augspurg), 1692, p.329",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
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}
],
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"reflected sound, echo"
],
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"echo"
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],
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{
"word": "Echokammer"
},
{
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],
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{
"word": "Widerhall"
}
],
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"A township in Antrim County, Michigan."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"township",
"township"
],
[
"Antrim County",
"Antrim County#English"
],
[
"Michigan",
"Michigan#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Cities in Minnesota, USA",
"en:Cities in the United States",
"en:Places in Minnesota, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Townships"
],
"glosses": [
"A number of places in the United States:",
"A township and minor city therein, in Yellow Medicine County, Minnesota."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"township",
"township"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"Yellow Medicine County",
"Yellow Medicine County#English"
],
[
"Minnesota",
"Minnesota#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Cities in Oregon, USA",
"en:Cities in the United States",
"en:Places in Oregon, USA",
"en:Places in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A number of places in the United States:",
"A minor city in Umatilla County, Oregon."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"Umatilla County",
"Umatilla County#English"
],
[
"Oregon",
"Oregon#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Pennsylvania, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania, USA"
],
"glosses": [
"A number of places in the United States:",
"An unincorporated community in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"unincorporated community",
"unincorporated community"
],
[
"Armstrong County",
"Armstrong County#English"
],
[
"Pennsylvania",
"Pennsylvania#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in Texas, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Villages in Texas, USA",
"en:Villages in the United States"
],
"glosses": [
"A number of places in the United States:",
"A populated place in Orange County, Texas."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"Orange County",
"Orange County#English"
],
[
"Texas",
"Texas#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Census-designated places in Utah, USA",
"en:Places in Utah, USA",
"en:Places in the United States"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
103,
107
],
[
193,
197
]
],
"ref": "2021 July 20, Jack Healy, Sophie Kasakove, “A Drought So Dire That a Utah Town Pulled the Plug on Growth”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, archived from the original on 31 Jul 2021:",
"text": "Experts say the smallest towns are especially vulnerable. And few places in Utah are as tiny or dry as Echo, a jumble of homes squeezed between a freight railroad and stunning red-rock cliffs. Echo was already struggling to hang on after the two cafes closed down. Then its spring-fed water supply hit critical lows this summer.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A number of places in the United States:",
"A census-designated place in Summit County, Utah, named after Echo Canyon."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"census-designated place",
"census-designated place"
],
[
"Summit County",
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],
[
"Utah",
"Utah#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Places in West Virginia, USA",
"en:Places in the United States",
"en:Unincorporated communities in West Virginia, USA"
],
"glosses": [
"A number of places in the United States:",
"An unincorporated community in Wayne County, West Virginia."
],
"links": [
[
"United States",
"United States#English"
],
[
"unincorporated community",
"unincorporated community"
],
[
"Wayne County",
"Wayne County#English"
],
[
"West Virginia",
"West Virginia#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"60 Echo, a main belt asteroid."
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"asteroid",
"asteroid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) 60 Echo, a main belt asteroid."
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛkoʊ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Echo.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-Echo.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-Echo.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-Echo.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-Echo.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛkoʊ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "mythology",
"word": "Echo"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Écho"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Echo"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "Ichó",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ηχώ"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "Ēkhṓ",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ἠχώ"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"lang_code": "kl",
"sense": "mythology",
"word": "Echo"
},
{
"code": "iu",
"lang": "Inuktitut",
"lang_code": "iu",
"roman": "iiko",
"sense": "mythology",
"word": "ᐄᑯ"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Eco"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "Ēkō",
"sense": "mythology",
"word": "エーコー"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "Eko",
"sense": "mythology",
"word": "에코"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Echo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Eco"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Exó",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Эхо́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Éxo",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Э́хо"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "Éxo",
"sense": "mythology",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Е́хо"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "Sīyīnxīng",
"sense": "Asteroid",
"word": "司音星"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"+ (disambiguation)#Places",
"60 +",
"Alexandre Cabanel"
],
"word": "Echo"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German feminine nouns",
"German lemmas",
"German neuter nouns",
"German nouns",
"German proper nouns",
"German terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"German terms derived from Latin",
"German uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"3": "echo"
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"expansion": "Latin echo",
"name": "der"
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{
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"2": "grc",
"3": "ἠχώ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin echo, from Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Echos",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Echos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
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"tags": [
"table-tags"
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{
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]
},
{
"form": "Echo",
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"singular"
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{
"form": "Echos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural"
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},
{
"form": "Echos",
"source": "declension",
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"genitive",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "Echos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
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},
{
"form": "Echo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "Echos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
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},
{
"form": "Echo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "Echos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
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],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n,s,s"
},
"expansion": "Echo n (strong, genitive Echos, plural Echos)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n,s,s"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Echokammer"
},
{
"word": "Gebirgsecho"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of German quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "Homo simplex et rectus. Oder, der alte redliche Teutsche Michel. Das ist: Sittliche, aus Göttlicher Heil. Schrifft, mit anmuthigen Historien, schönen Gleichnussen, nutzlichen Moralien, und Sprüchen der H.H. Vättern verfaßte Fest- und Feyertägliche Predigen. … Erster Theil. Collected by P. Mauritius Natthenhusa, Augsburg (Augspurg), 1718, p.187",
"text": "„Dieser hohe Cederbaum hat sich auf disen Streich also tieff gebogen und gedemüthiget, daß er aus seinem zerknirschten Hertzen einen lieblichen Echonem oder Widerhall gegeben, Domine, quid me vis facere.“",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "Iconismus. Das ist: Lob- und Ehren-Predigen, Von den Lieben Heiligen GOTTES, und Ordens-Stifftern … By Franciscus Caccia, Wien (Wienn in Oesterreich), 1710, p.366",
"text": "„Endlich dann zum Beschluß ist jedermäniglich bekant, daß welcher von dem andern weit entlegen, daß er nicht gehört werde, es sey denn, daß er starck ruffe, und schreye, und dadurch wird ein Echo gehöret. Mein Xaveri! allermassen Du weit von uns entlegen, müssen wir dir auch lauth zuruffen, und wir werden auch einen Echonem hören.“",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"roman": "Deßgleichen sahen wir auch den Orth, allwo der Sicialianische Tyrann Dionysius einen künstlichen Echonem in einer Höhle hat machen lassen, durch welchen er seiner darinnen eingesperrten Sklaven Gespräch von aussen, ohne daß sie ihn gesehen, hat hören können, welcher Echo mir weit besser, als der zu Granada gefallen hat.",
"text": "Der nach Venedig überbrachte Mohr, Oder: Curiose und warhaffte Erzehlung und Beschreibung aller Curiositäten und Denckwürdigkeiten, Welche dem Wohl-Erwürdigen P. Dionysio Carli von Placenz, Capuciner-Ordens Prediger, und berühmten Missionario Apostolico, In seiner etlich-jährigen Mission In allen Vier Welt-Theilen, Africa, America, Asia, und Europa, unter tausendfältigen Leib- und Lebens-Gefahren, in Bekehrung der unglaubigen und barbarischen in specie AEthipischen Völcker aufgestossen; Worbey zugleich dieser letzteren Barbairsche Sitten und unmenschliche Grausamkeiten, Nicht weniger die dem Authori in allen vier Welt-Theilen vorgekommene Länder, Königreiche, Inseln, Provintzen und Städte, mit ihren Situationen und Seltzamkeiten, verwunderns-würdig beschrieben, und der curiosen Welt mitgetheilet werden. Erstlich von dem Authore in Welscher Sprach beschrieben, Anjetzo aber dem Geist- und Weltl. Teutschen Leser zu einem nutzlichen Zeit-Vertreib in die Hoch-Teutsche Sprache übersetzet. Augsburg (Augspurg), 1692, p.329",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reflected sound, echo"
],
"links": [
[
"echo",
"echo"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛço/"
},
{
"audio": "De-Echo.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d4/De-Echo.ogg/De-Echo.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/De-Echo.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Widerhall"
}
],
"word": "Echo"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German feminine nouns",
"German lemmas",
"German neuter nouns",
"German nouns",
"German proper nouns",
"German terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"German terms derived from Latin",
"German uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": "la",
"3": "echo"
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"expansion": "Latin echo",
"name": "der"
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{
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"2": "grc",
"3": "ἠχώ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin echo, from Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Echo",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Echos",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
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{
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{
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},
{
"form": "Echo",
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{
"form": "Echos",
"source": "declension",
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},
{
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{
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],
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"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "name",
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{
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],
"links": [
[
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"tags": [
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛço/"
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{
"audio": "De-Echo.ogg",
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],
"word": "Echo"
}
{
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek Ἠχώ (Ēkhṓ).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Ēchō",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ēchūs",
"tags": [
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
"form": "Ēchōn",
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},
{
"form": "Ēchō",
"source": "declension",
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},
{
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],
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],
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"(Greek mythology) Echo"
],
"tags": [
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"declension-4"
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"topics": [
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"mysticism",
"mythology",
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}
],
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"tags": [
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{
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"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
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{
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"expansion": "",
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],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin Ēchō.",
"head_templates": [
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"Rhymes:Polish/ɛxɔ/2 syllables",
"pl:Greek deities"
],
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],
"links": [
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"raw_glosses": [
"(Greek mythology) Echo (oread punished by Hera by losing her own voice and only being able to mimic that of others)"
],
"tags": [
"Greek",
"feminine",
"indeclinable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛ.xɔ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛxɔ"
},
{
"homophone": "echo"
},
{
"homophone": "echo-"
}
],
"word": "Echo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual nouns",
"Translingual proper nouns",
"Translingual terms borrowed from English",
"Translingual terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Translingual terms derived from English"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "en",
"3": "echo"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from English echo",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English echo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "echo",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "ECHO",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "Echo",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ICAO spelling alphabet",
"ITU & IMO phonetic alphabet"
],
"glosses": [
"NATO, ICAO, ITU & IMO radiotelephony clear code (spelling-alphabet name) for the letter E."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"NATO",
"w:NATO"
],
[
"ICAO",
"w:International Civil Aviation Organization"
],
[
"ITU",
"w:International Telecommunication Union"
],
[
"IMO",
"w:International Maritime Organization"
],
[
"radiotelephony clear code",
"w:NATO phonetic alphabet"
],
[
"E",
"E#Translingual"
]
],
"qualifier": "international standards",
"raw_glosses": [
"(international standards) NATO, ICAO, ITU & IMO radiotelephony clear code (spelling-alphabet name) for the letter E."
],
"tags": [
"error-lua-exec"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"mul:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"Signal flag for the letter E."
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) Signal flag for the letter E."
],
"tags": [
"error-lua-exec"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"UTC+05:00"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"UTC",
"UTC"
]
],
"qualifier": "time zone",
"raw_glosses": [
"(time zone) UTC+05:00"
],
"tags": [
"error-lua-exec"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɛko]"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "Eko",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"word": "Еко"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"word": "Emil"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"word": "Emma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"word": "Eemeli"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Echo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"tags": [
"Germany"
],
"word": "Emil"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"word": "Empoli"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"word": "Évora"
},
{
"alt": "Cyrillic \"Е\", Latin \"E\"",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Jeléna",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Еле́на"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"note": "Latin \"E\"",
"raw_tags": [
"of English \"echo\""
],
"roman": "éko",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"transliteration"
],
"word": "э́ко"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "éxo",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "э́хо"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Eduárd",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Эдуа́рд"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Emílija",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Эми́лия"
},
{
"alt": "Cyrillic \"Э\"",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "Émma",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Э́мма"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "the letter \"E\" in a national spelling alphabet",
"word": "Erik"
}
],
"word": "Echo"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual proper nouns",
"Translingual terms derived from Ancient Greek"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "grc",
"3": "Ἠχώ",
"4": "",
"5": "a nymph in Greek mythology"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek Ἠχώ (Ēkhṓ, “a nymph in Greek mythology”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek Ἠχώ (Ēkhṓ, “a nymph in Greek mythology”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "Echo",
"nogendercat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Echo f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"english": "superkingdom",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "superkingdom",
"word": "Eukaryota"
},
{
"english": "kingdom",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "kingdom",
"word": "Animalia"
},
{
"english": "subkingdom",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "subkingdom",
"word": "Bilateria"
},
{
"english": "infrakingdom",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "infrakingdom",
"word": "Protostomia"
},
{
"english": "superphylum",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "superphylum",
"word": "Ecdysozoa"
},
{
"english": "phylum",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "phylum",
"word": "Arthropoda"
},
{
"english": "subphylum",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "subphylum",
"word": "Hexapoda"
},
{
"english": "family",
"sense": "subfamily",
"tags": [
"class"
],
"translation": "family",
"word": "Insecta"
},
{
"english": "subclass",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "subclass",
"word": "Pterygota"
},
{
"english": "infraclass",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "infraclass",
"word": "Palaeoptera"
},
{
"english": "order",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "order",
"word": "Odonata"
},
{
"english": "suborder",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "suborder",
"word": "Zygoptera"
},
{
"english": "superfamily",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "superfamily",
"word": "Calopterygoidea"
},
{
"english": "family",
"sense": "subfamily",
"translation": "family",
"word": "Calopterygidae"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Echo margarita"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Echo maxima"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Echo modesta"
},
{
"sense": "genus",
"word": "Echo perornata"
},
{
"english": "species",
"sense": "genus",
"translation": "species",
"word": "Echo uniformis"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"mul:Taxonomic names (genus)"
],
"glosses": [
"A taxonomic genus within the family Calopterygidae – certain damselflies."
],
"links": [
[
"genus",
"genus#English"
],
[
"family",
"family#English"
],
[
"Calopterygidae",
"Calopterygidae#Translingual"
],
[
"damselflies",
"damselfly"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "Echo"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Echo meaning in All languages combined (27.4kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, Echo/Translingual",
"path": [
"Echo"
],
"section": "Translingual",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "Echo",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "luaexec/683",
"msg": "LUA error in #invoke('translations', 'show') parent ('Template:t', {1: 'en', 2: 'Easy'})",
"path": [
"Echo",
"Template:t",
"#invoke",
"#invoke"
],
"section": "Translingual",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "Echo",
"trace": "[string \"Module:translations\"]:209: English translations only allowed in Translingual section, not outside of any L2"
}
{
"called_from": "luaexec/683",
"msg": "LUA error in #invoke('translations', 'show') parent ('Template:t', {1: 'en', 2: 'Easy'})",
"path": [
"Echo",
"Template:t",
"#invoke",
"#invoke"
],
"section": "Translingual",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "Echo",
"trace": "[string \"Module:translations\"]:209: English translations only allowed in Translingual section, not outside of any L2"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.